Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition that affects the joints primarily but may also include other body parts. It is different from osteoarthritis, which develops over time due to wear and tear; in cases of rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system attacks the healthy tissues of the joint by mistake, thereby causing inflammation, pain, and swelling.
The following sections will thoroughly cover what rheumatoid arthritis is, the early-onset symptoms, the causes and risk factors of the condition, methods for diagnosing it, its treatment, and lifestyle changes that can best work towards its management.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Explained
Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disorder that mainly impacts the lining of small joints, including hands and feet. Over time, it causes deformity and erosion. RA also has the potential to affect skin, eyes, lungs, and heart.
Another important feature is that:
- Chronic and progressive
- Symmetrical joint involvement
- Autoimmune disease
Approximately 1.5 million people in the United States suffer from RA, according to the Arthritis Foundation. This debilitating disease has a reduced long-term impact with early detection and proper treatment.
The Early Warning Signs of Rheumatoid Arthritis
It is imperative to know AA in the early stages for prompt management. Following are some of the most common early symptoms:
1. Morning Stiffness
The morning stiffness of the joints is a hallmark of RA, lasting more than 30 minutes and affecting movement throughout the day.
2. Swelling and pain.
These first hit joints with constant pain and swelling, particularly the hands, wrists, and knees.
3. Fatigue
Unexplained fatigue, not related to any exertion, is another symptom that may precede the others.
4. Low-Grade Fever
Mild fever of unknown origin is an early systemic symptom of RA.
5. Weight loss.
Unintentional weight loss occurs, possibly due to the inflammatory reaction from inside the body.
6. Redness and Warmth in joints.
Joints undergoing inflammation tend to appear red and warm to touch, substantiating ongoing inflammation.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis is still unknown, but there are factors that may play a role in its establishment.
1. Genetic Predisposition
Having certain genetic markers, individuals with HLA-DR4 are more prone to develop RA.
2. Environmental Triggers
Postulated environmental triggers like infections, smoking, and chemicals may start the disease inside a genetically predisposed person.
3. Hormonal Factors
Women are at a greater risk of developing RA; hormonal influences may give rise to this risk, especially in connection with menopause or pregnancy.
4. Age and gender.
RA can happen to anyone, but it is more common in women aged 30 to 60.
How is Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosed?
We diagnose rheumatoid arthritis using a combination of clinical examination, laboratory testing, and imaging.Â
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